Per partial list of the encodings supported by verso norma python installation can be found con appendix B

It is sopra fact perfectly possible – and proper – sicuro encode verso sequence of Unicode codepoints mediante the (say) Latin-1 encoding provided that the codepoints are representable mediante the target encoding. It is for instance possible sicuro encode as ‘Latin-1’ the ‘U+00e8’ codepoint, whereas the same cannot be done for the Kanji codepoint ‘U+4e01’. Both codepoints con the preceding example, however, can be represented sopra the shift-jis-2004 encoding, as well as durante UTF8 or UTF16. UTF8 and UTF16 are special, because they are the only encodings that can always be safely specified as targets (as they are athletique of represent the entire Unicode repertoire)

Per particular, transcoding to UTF8 is always possible, if the codec for the source encoding is installed (Python’s norma codecs are listed mediante appendix B):

Here we can see that the python interpreter tries onesto apply per default encoding to us (ASCII, per this case) and fails because us contains an accented character that is not part of the ASCII specs.

So the pythonic way of working with Unicode requires that we 1) decode strings coming from spinta and 2) encode strings going preciso output.

Anything we read from ‘f’ is decoded as UTF-8, while any Unicode object we write onesto ‘g’ is encoded per Latin-1. (So we may receive per runtime error if ‘f’ contained korean text, for instance). One should also refrain from writing ordinary – encoded – strings puro g because, at this point, the interpreter would implicitely decode the original string applying per default codec (normally ASCII) which is probably not what one would expect, or desire.

It should be obvious that, for regular python programming – outside of multilingual text processing – Unicode objects are not normally used, as ordinary strings are perfectly suited sicuro most tasks.

A different kind of «Unicode support» is the interpreter capability of processing source files containing non-ASCII characters. This is doable, by inserting a directive like:

– (or other encoding) towards the beginning of the file. I advise against this, as a practice that will end up annoying you and your coworkers, as well as any other perspective user of the file. Bastoncino to ASCII for source code.

The Curse of Implicit Encodings

Most I/O peripherals, these days, try esatto «help» their user by taking verso guess on the encodings of the strings that are sent to them. This is good for normal use, atrocious if your aim is solving problems akin sicuro those we have been tackling so far. Relationships between string types and encodings are confusing enough even without layering on sommita of them other encodings implicitely brought on by I/O devices.

this can be translated as «writing the sequence ‘e’ on this interpreters tasto, which is using the implicit incentivo encoding UTF-8, results durante per coded string whose content is ‘\xc3\xa8′»

this can be translated as «writing the sequence ‘e’ on this interpreters pulsantiera, which is using the implicit stimolo encoding Latin-1, results per per coded string whose content is ‘\xe8′»

sito di incontri tedesco per americani

My point: mediante source code -and outside the ASCII domain – bastoncino to codepoint, even if writing literal characters may seem more convenient.

Unicode, encodings and HTML

Like XML, HTML had early awareness of multilingual environments. Too bad that the permissive attitude of prevalent browsers spoiled the fun for everybody.

Waht follows is my laundry list of multilingual HTML facts – check with the W? consortium if you need complete assessments.

Named entities

Sopra HTML, per (limited) number of national characters can be specified by using the so called ‘named entitites’: for instance the sequence «a» is displayed as «a».